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Extended physiological proprioception (EPP) is a concept pioneered by D.C. Simpson (1972) to describe the ability to perceive at the tip of the tool, in this case a prosthetic limb. The work was based on pneumatic prosthesis developed in response to disabilities incurred by infants as the result of use of the drug, thalidomide, by mothers from 1957 to 1962. How a person identifies with his-or-herself changes after a lower limb amputation affects body image, functioning, awareness, and future projections. People with amputations have reported phantom limbs. This serves as evidence that the brain is hard-wired to perceive body image, making it notable that sensory input and proprioceptive feedback are not essential in its formation. Losing an anatomical part through amputation sets a person up for complex perceptual, emotional, and psychological responses. Such responses include phantom limb pain, which is the painful feeling some amputees incur after amputation in the area lost. Phantom limb pain permits a natural acceptance and use of prosthetic limbs. ==See also== * The Extended Mind * Embodied cognition * Situated cognition 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Extended physiological proprioception」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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